Gluten

Lactose (Cow’s Milk)

Eggs

Soybeans

Peanuts

Tree nuts, including almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, cashews, pecans, Brazil nuts, pistachios and macadamia nuts

Celery

Mustard

Shellfish

Fish

Sesame Seeds

Lupin

Mollusks

Sulfur dioxide and sulfites in concentrations exceeding 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/litre

GLUTEN

  – Gluten is a protein found in wheat and related grains such as barley, rye, and oats (unless specified as gluten-free). It is commonly present in bread, pasta, cereals, baked goods, sauces, and processed foods.

SYMPTOMS

  – Individuals with gluten sensitivity experience a range of symptoms, which may include:

    – Gastrointestinal issues (bloating, diarrhea, constipation)

    – Fatigue

    – Headaches

    – Skin disorders (such as dermatitis herpetiformis)

    – In severe cases, those with celiac disease may experience malabsorption of nutrients leading to more severe health consequences.

PRECAUTIONS

  – Individuals diagnosed with celiac disease must strictly avoid all sources of gluten.

  – Always read labels for gluten-containing ingredients, looking for terms like wheat, barley, and rye.

  – Be cautious about cross-contamination in kitchens or food preparation areas that also handle gluten-containing products.

SOURCE

  – Cow’s milk is the most common dairy allergen, but other animal milks (like sheep and goat) can also trigger allergies. Milk is found in various dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, butter, and processed foods (like chocolate and baked goods).

SYMPTOMS

  – Symptoms of a milk allergy may include:

    – Skin reactions (hives, eczema)

    – Gastrointestinal discomfort (abdominal pain, diarrhea)

    – Respiratory problems (such as wheezing and nasal congestion)

    – Anaphylaxis, particularly in severe reactions.

PRECAUTIONS:

  – Carefully read labels for dairy components, and look out for terms like casein, whey, and lactose.

  – Notify restaurants and food manufacturers about milk allergies to avoid exposure.

  – Explore dairy alternatives such as almond milk, coconut milk, or soy milk, but check for other allergens in these alternatives.

SOURCE

  – Peanuts are legumes and can be found in various forms, including whole peanuts, peanut butter, and many snacks or sauces. Cross-contamination is a risk in processing environments.

SYMPTOMS

  – Peanut allergies can lead to:

    – Skin reactions (hives, redness)

    – Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat

    – Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting)

    – Difficulty breathing

    – Anaphylaxis, which can occur within minutes of exposure.

PRECAUTIONS

  – Always read food labels to check for peanuts or peanut-derived ingredients.

  – Be cautious about cross-contamination in kitchens, especially where mixed ingredients are used.

  – Make sure to inform food service providers about peanut allergies upfront.

SOURCE

  – Soybeans are used in many products, including tofu, soy milk, soy sauce, and numerous processed foods. They are often present in vegetarian or vegan options.

SYMPTOMS

  – Allergic reactions to soy may include:

    – Skin issues (hives and rashes)

    – Gastrointestinal distress (stomach cramps, diarrhea)

    – Respiratory reactions (nasal congestion, asthma)

    – Anaphylaxis in severe reactions.

PRECAUTIONS

  – Read ingredient labels closely for soy and soy-derived products.

  – Soy can be found in less obvious places, so always inquire about the presence of soy when dining out.

  – Consider using alternative protein sources such as legumes (excluding peanuts) or dairy alternatives when following a soy-free diet.

POLLEN

Pollen is a fine powder produced by trees, grasses, and weeds during their reproductive cycles, typically in spring (trees), summer (grasses), and fall (weeds).

Source

Trees – Oak, birch, cedar, maple.

Grasses –  Timothy, Bermuda, Kentucky bluegrass.

Weeds – Ragweed, sagebrush, pigweed.

Symptoms

Respiratory Issues, Sneezing and nasal congestion, Runny or itchy nose, Coughing or wheezing, Throat irritation, Ocular Symptoms, Itchy, watery, or red eyes (allergic conjunctivitis), Fatigue

  General tiredness can result from the body’s immune response to pollen.

MOLD SPORES

Mold is a type of fungus that can grow in damp or humid areas, such as bathrooms, kitchens, basements, and around leaks or water damage.

– Common indoor molds include Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium.

– Outdoor molds thrive on decaying organic material, especially in damp conditions.

Symptoms

Respiratory Symptoms, Nasal congestion and sinus issues, Sneezing and coughing, Wheezing or shortness of breath, particularly in individuals with asthma.

Ocular Symptoms, Itchy, red, or watery eyes,

Skin Reactions, Rashes or hives resulting from direct contact with mold.

PET DANDER

Pet dander consists of tiny flakes of skin, fur, saliva, and urine from furry animals, particularly cats and dogs, but also from birds and rodents.

– Proteins found in dander can become airborne and provoke allergic reactions.

Symptoms

Respiratory Symptoms, Nasal congestion, runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing and coughing, Wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in asthma sufferers

Ocular Symptoms, Itchy, red, or watery eyes, Skin Reactions, Hives or eczema, particularly in sensitive individuals.

Pet Choices-Some individuals may be less reactive to certain hypoallergenic dog or cat breeds, although such breeds may still produce allergens.

Cleaning and Grooming-Adopting a strict cleaning regimen, including regular vacuuming and washing of pet bedding, can reduce levels of pet dander indoors.

Designated Pet-Free Zones – Creating areas of the home that are off-limits to pets, such as bedrooms and certain living spaces, can help minimize exposure.

Environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold spores, and pet dander can significantly impact the quality of life for those who are sensitive or allergic. Understanding their sources, typical symptoms, and implementing effective management strategies can be essential for controlling allergic reactions and maintaining comfort.

BEE VENOM

Honeybees and bumblebees.

Allergen – The venom of these bees contains proteins that can cause severe allergic reactions.

Symptoms – Reactions can range from local swelling and pain at the sting site to systemic symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, or anaphylaxis— a life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

WASP VENOM

Wasps (including yellow jackets and hornets).

Allergen – Similar to bee venom, wasp venom can also induce severe allergic responses.

Symptoms – Symptoms are akin to those of bee stings and can be severe, especially for individuals with a history of allergies to insect stings.

ANT VENOM

Fire ants are particularly notorious for their venom.

Allergen – The venom containing proteins called alkaloids can trigger allergic reactions.

Symptoms – Fire ant stings may cause pain, itching, swelling, and, in more severe cases, anaphylactic reactions.

COCKROACH PROTEINS

 Cockroaches and their waste products (saliva, feces, and body parts).

  Allergen –  Proteins contained in cockroach saliva and feces can become airborne and lead to allergic reactions.

Symptoms –  Common symptoms include sneezing, coughing, asthma, and eczema flare-ups, particularly in urban settings where cockroaches are prevalent.

DUST MITE DROPPINGS

While not insects in the conventional sense, dust mites are microscopic creatures that thrive in household dust.

 Allergen – The fecal matter of these mites is a potent allergen that can be inhaled.

Symptoms – Symptoms may include nasal congestion, sneezing, asthma exacerbations, and skin issues such as eczema or hives.

Medicinal allergens are substances found in medications or their formulations that can trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. Understanding medicinal allergens is essential for recognizing potential side effects, managing allergies, and ensuring patient safety. This overview will detail common medicinal allergens, their sources, symptoms of allergic reactions, and precautions to take.

PENICILLIN AND RELATED ANTIBIOTICS

Source – Penicillin is a naturally occurring antibiotic derived from the mold Penicillium. Other related antibiotics include amoxicillin, ampicillin, and cloxacillin, which are commonly prescribed for bacterial infections.

Symptoms

Skin reactions (hives, rashes), Anaphylaxis (a life-threatening reaction characterized by swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate), Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting)

SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS 

Source– Sulfonamides (e.g., trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) are a group of synthetic antibiotics.

Symptoms – Rash or hives, Fever, Anaphylaxis in severe cases

NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs)

 Source –  Common NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve). They are used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and decrease fever.

 Symptoms -Skin rashes or itching, Swelling (especially of the face, mouth, or throat), Gastrointestinal symptoms (indigestion, nausea), Asthma exacerbations or respiratory distress, particularly in individuals with aspirin sensitivity.

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Source – Local anesthetics such as lidocaine and procaine are used in various medical procedures to block sensation in a specific area.

Symptoms – Redness and swelling at the injection site, Hives or rash, Anaphylaxis, though rare

VACCINES AND ADJUVANTS

Source – Vaccines may contain proteins, preservatives (like thimerosal), or adjuvants (substances used to enhance the immune response). Some individuals may react to components of the vaccine rather than the virus or bacteria it targets.

Symptoms – Localized swelling or redness at the injection site, Fever or fatigue, More severe reactions, such as anaphylaxis (though this is rare with vaccines).

Medicinal allergies can produce a range of symptoms, which may vary in severity depending on individual sensitivity:

Skin Reactions

   – Hives (raised red welts)

   – Rashes (itchy or burning skin)

   – Swelling of the skin (angioedema)

Respiratory Symptoms

   – Nasal congestion or runny nose

   – Sneezing

   – Coughing or wheezing

   – Difficulty breathing, which can escalate to anaphylaxis in severe cases

Gastrointestinal Issues

   – Nausea or vomiting

   – Diarrhea or abdominal pain

Systemic Reactions

   – Rapid heart rate or palpitations

   – Dizziness or fainting

   – Anaphylactic shock, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment with epinephrine.

Medicinal allergens can significantly impact treatment and overall health if not recognized and managed properly. Awareness of common allergens, understanding potential symptoms, and implementing precautions can help individuals avoid adverse reactions and ensure their safety when receiving medical treatments.

Chemical allergens are substances that can provoke allergic reactions in sensitive individuals upon exposure. These allergens can be found in cosmetics, cleaning products, certain medications, plastics, and industrial chemicals. Understanding chemical allergens is crucial for individuals with sensitivities to avoid reactions and manage their allergies effectively. Below is an overview of common chemical allergens, their sources, symptoms of allergic reactions, and precautions to take.

LATEX

Source – Natural rubber latex is commonly found in latex gloves, balloons, elastic bands, and certain medical devices.

Allergen – Proteins found in latex can provoke allergic reactions upon skin contact or inhalation of airborne particles.

Symptoms – Skin reactions (hives, redness, itching), Respiratory symptoms (sneezing, nasal congestion), Anaphylaxis in severe cases.

FRAGRANCE COMPOUNDS

Source – Fragrances are found in various personal care products such as perfumes, lotions, shampoos, and household cleaning products.

 Allergen – Many fragrance ingredients can cause allergic dermatitis and respiratory reactions.

Symptoms – Skin irritation (rashes, eczema), Sneezing, runny nose, or respiratory distress, particularly in individuals with asthma.

PRESERVATIVES

Source – Preservatives such as parabens (used in cosmetics and personal care products) and formaldehyde (found in various household products) help inhibit microbial growth.

Allergen – Certain preservatives can cause allergic reactions or skin irritation.

Symptoms – Skin reactions (contact dermatitis), Respiratory symptoms (coughing, wheezing) if inhaled through sprays or airborne particles.

NICKEL

 Source – Nickel is commonly found in jewelry, watches, and certain metal objects (like buttons or zippers).

Allergen – Nickel salts can cause allergic reactions upon contact with the skin.

Symptoms – Rash or itching at the site of contact (often referred to as nickel dermatitis), In severe cases, systemic reactions can occur.

CHEMICAL DYES

 Source – Chemical dyes are used in various products, including clothing, cosmetics, and hair colorants.

Allergen – Certain azo dyes and pigments can provoke allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin.

Symptoms – Skin irritation (rashes, burning sensation), Allergic reactions may also occur following hair dye use, such as swelling or blistering.